Using Customisable GPT Chatbots in Psychology Research: A Practical Tutorial

GPT-based conversational agents (e.g., text-based chatbots) hold considerable promise for psychological research by enhancing the scalability, standardisation, and replicability of research and data collection, as well as enabling innovative designs that incorporate chatbots. However, the benefits of utilising GPT chatbots are only fully realised when one can customise them to their specific research needs. The current tutorial addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive and accessible guide to creating custom GPT chatbots using both OpenAI’s GPT Builder and an Application Programming Interface (API)-based approach. We compare these two methods, along with a decision framework, based on technical skill requirements, degree of customisation, integration potential, data control, and reproducibility. We also outline key components to the process of customising a GPT chatbot and illustrate deployment workflows across multiple platforms, including local desktop interfaces, messaging applications and survey platforms. Finally, key considerations for privacy, data governance, and API security, as well as recommendations for sharing materials to facilitate replication are discussed. Through this tutorial, we aim to support researchers in integrating customised GPT chatbots into psychological research and in expanding the methodological possibilities available to them.