Mechanical and Sustainable Performance of Polyester Composites with Glass and Natural Waste Fiber Fillers

This study unveils the innovative potential of polyester composites reinforced with natural fibers and fiberglass. By harnessing these recyclables as reinforcements, Eco-friendly practices and waste reduction are not only championed but also significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. The samples of the composite were meticulously crafted by hand using compression moulding and lay-up procedures. The incorporation of one or two layers of woven fiberglass results in a substantial increase in tensile strength, with enhancements of 44% and 81% under the tensile test and 32.2% and 48.3% under the flexural strength, respectively, compared to unreinforced polyester. This superior performance is attributed to the surface energy and acid-base properties of the glass fibers, which facilitate matrix adhesion. Moreover, the integration of ground walnut shells and tree leaves into polyester amplifies tensile strength and strain, with 20% being the optimal ratio. Ground walnut shells exhibit superior performance compared to tree leaves, particularly in hybrid composites. However, the addition of natural fibers to polyester reinforced with fiberglass diminishes stress values to varying degrees due to factors such as poor bonding and uneven distribution. Overall, the study underscores the importance of fiber type and reinforcement configuration in optimizing the mechanical properties of polyester composites, while also inspiring a shift towards more sustainable and eco-friendly materials.