Development and Validation of the Classroom Revolution Competency Framework(CRCF) Scale for Pre-service Teachers

This study aimed to develop and validate a teacher competency scale for pre-service teachers based on the Ministry of Education’s Classroom Revolution Competency Framework (CRCF). To this end, the seven sub-competencies of the CRCF were each divided into three dimensions(understanding, application, and reflection) yielding 21 items adapted to the context of pre-service teachers. Two rounds of online surveys were conducted with pre-service teachers enrolled in colleges of education (Study 1: n = 323; Study 2: n = 304). The results indicated a high level of reliability. However, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the hypothesized seven- and three-factor models were not supported, and that a unidimensional model provided the best fit, suggesting that pre-service teachers conceptualize teacher competency as an integrated construct. Accordingly, the scale can be used to assess overall competency levels and evaluate teacher education programs, while highlighting the need to reconsider how the CRCF’s multidimensional structure manifests at the pre-service stage and to verify its structural validity across diverse educational contexts.