The efficiency of fungicide against powdery mildew on winter wheat crops in the steppes of the kabardino-balkarian republic

The objects of the current study were the winter wheat varieties ‘Taulan’ and ‘Pamyati Shatilova’, jointly developed by the National Center of Grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko and the Institute of Agriculture of the KBSC RAS. The current paper has presented the 2022–2024 research data on monitoring the main diseases in winter wheat agrocenosis in the steppe area of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The purpose of the study was to determine the species composition of plant pathogens and the efficiency of chemical and biological fungicides. There have been identified the most harmful plant pathogens, including powdery mildew, net blotch (pyrenophorosis), and Septoria leaf blotch. Winter wheat yield losses from these diseases can reach 30 %, and under unfavorable conditions, they can significantly exceed this percentage, leading to significant economic losses for farmers. Winter wheat was sown after maize. The plot size was 25 m 2 , threefold repetition, and randomized placement of the variants in three tiers. There has been established the efficiency of chemical and biological fungicides Kolosal, KME; Hekata, KME; Ais, KKR; Alirin-B, Zh; Baktofort, Zh; Trikhoplant, SK. There has been made a comparative estimation of the biological efficiency of fungicides against powdery mildew of winter wheat varieties ‘Taulan’ and ‘Pamyati Shatilova’. The chemical fungicide Ais, KKR demonstrated the greatest effect in combating the causative agent of powdery mildew, increasing the biological productivity of the varieties ‘Pamyati Shatilova’ and ‘Taulan’ by 1.2 and 0.3 t/ha, respectively. Among the biofungicides, Trichoplant SK was the best for biological productivity of winter wheat with 5.5 and 4.1 t/ha, respectively. Winter wheat grain quality was tested in the laboratory for chemical analysis and biological research of the Institute of Agriculture KBSC RAS. Harvesting was carried out at a moisture content of 14 %.