Grain productivity and quality of triticum durum desf in the orenburg cis-ural region

The purpose of the current paper was to establish correlation between grain productivity and quality and weather conditions of the Orenburg Cis-Ural region. The field trials were conducted at the experimental plots of the FSBSI FRC BST RAS (v. of Nezhinka, Orenburg district) in 2023–2024. The analysis has shown that the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya’ was characterized with increased adaptability to various weather conditions, demonstrating maximum productivity under both a moisture deficit (1.5 t/ha) and a moisture excess (2.3 t/ha). Grain quality also varied depending on weather conditions. Protein in grain ranged from 9 to 11.7 %, gluten ranged from 19.3 to 34 %, IDC ranged from 41 to 65 conventional units, and the gluten index ranged from 58.5 to 86.6 %. The variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya’ has demonstrated the largest values of these traits. There has been established a direct correlation between productivity and mean daily air temperature in August with r = 0.64 (p ≤ 0.05), as well as between precipitation amount and HTC in July with r = 0.79 and r = 0.59, respectively. Protein percentage has shown a pronounced negative correlation with precipitation amount and HTC in May with r = -0.74 and r = -0.97 and in July with r = -0.76 and r = -0.91. Gluten percentage has correlated positively with the mean daily temperature in July with r = 0.75 and negatively with precipitation r = -0.74. The crude gluten percentage in semolina has been closely related to mean daily air temperature and inversely proportional to precipitation in July (r = 0.62 and r = -0.67, respectively). The gluten index has shown a weak correlation with air temperature and precipitation in June (r = 0.33 and r = 0.36), and HTC (r = 0.22).