Dynamic study of the functional state’ parameters of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during regular combat sports classes of students aged 16-17

Purpose. To interpret the dynamics of cardiovascular and respiratory systems parameters from the perspective of their use as rapid, informative, and safe tools for functional monitoring in senior school students during a two-year combat sports training program. Scientific novelty. A comprehensive dynamic differentiated analysis of long-term changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems (heart rate, Stange and Genchi breath-holding tests), as well as derived integral indices − the willpower index and hypoxic resistance index − was conducted. With an emphasis on the staged nature of combat sports training in general secondary education settings, their informativeness and safety were substantiated for application in physical education classes to assess the direction and rate of adaptive changes in senior school students. Results. The Stange test was shown to be a sensitive marker of respiratory system functional state and physical fitness level in senior school students, while its increase during the training process reflects enhanced adaptive capacity and training effectiveness in combat sports. Analysis of the Genchi test demonstrated a gradual increase in breath-holding duration throughout the entire study period, with significant differences compared to baseline values already at intermediate stages and a more pronounced statistically significant increase at the final stage. The hypoxic resistance index and the willpower index proved to be informative integral indicators enabling objective evaluation of combat sports training effectiveness in school-aged students. Their positive dynamics reflect the development of functional reserves, increased resistance of the respiratory system to hypoxia, and improvement of psychophysiological adaptation mechanisms. Conclusions. The obtained data allow objective assessment of the rate and direction of adaptive changes in senior school students during regular combat sports training within physical education classes and provide teachers with a practical tool for regulating the intensity and volume of physical loads in boys aged 16-17 years.