Effectiveness of an experimental methodology for developing physical and functional fitness of athletes in volleyball as an olympic discipline

Purpose of the article: the effectiveness of the experimental methodology for improving the physical and functional fitness of volleyball players within the framework of the modern system of sports training is presented. Methods: the research involved a theoretical analysis of scientific literature, questionnaire surveys, pedagogical testing of physical qualities, methods for assessing the functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and methods of mathematical statistics to determine the reliability of the results. Results: the implementation of the experimental methodology led to a statistically significant improvement in speed-power indicators and functional reserves across all playing positions. Specifically, vertical jump performance increased by 8.3–8.7% (p < 0.01) for middle blockers and opposite hitters. Significant progress was also observed in special agility (shuttle run 4 x 9 m), with a 6.5% increase (p < 0.01) for liberos and outside hitters. The highest growth in functional indicators was recorded in liberos and setters, where breath-holding capacity (Stange and Genchi tests) improved by 17–21% (p < 0.01). Conclusions: the results underline the feasibility of integrating the role-based experimental methodology into the training process. This approach ensures a harmonious combination of physical development and functional readiness, allowing for the maximum realization of the individual potential of volleyball players at the stage of specialized basic training.