LIFESTYLE, DIETARY, AND BEHAVIORAL DETERMINANTS OF LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS (LUTS): INTEGRATING CLINICAL EVIDENCE WITH DIGITAL HEALTH AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly prevalent and multifactorial conditions that significantly impair quality of life and contribute to substantial healthcare burden. Their etiology involves complex interactions between physiological, behavioral, and environmental factors. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the role of lifestyle, dietary, social, and behavioral determinants in the prevention and management of LUTS. A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and recent systematic reviews. The available evidence indicates that modifiable factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and dietary habits play a significant role in the development and progression of LUTS. Fluid intake patterns, caffeine and alcohol consumption, and overall dietary composition influence symptom severity, particularly storage symptoms. In addition, psychosocial determinants—including stress, socioeconomic status, and health literacy—affect symptom perception, healthcare-seeking behavior, and treatment adherence. Recent advances in digital health and artificial intelligence offer new opportunities for improving LUTS management through real-time monitoring, personalized interventions, and data-driven clinical decision-making. In conclusion, LUTS management should adopt a multidisciplinary and patient-centered approach integrating lifestyle modification, behavioral interventions, and emerging technologies to improve clinical outcomes and long-term patient care.