India and the Rare Earth Conundrum: Navigating Security, Geoeconomics, and Global Supply Chains

The post-pandemic multipolar world order has led to a 'decoupling' of supply chains, prioritising reliable collaboration and attempting to delimit and isolate China geopolitically. However, Sino-American rivalry has been particularly pronounced in the strategic semiconductor industry, where rising regional powers such as India assume tremendous importance given the recent Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) roadmap. This article examines the intersection of geoeconomics and security in the semiconductor industry, drawing on Buzan's concept of 'multi-dimensional security' and Keohane and Nye's idea of 'complex interdependence'. Finally, it considers how India might influence the emerging network of supply chains and the consequent implications for technological security.