Clinical Presentation and Survival of Children with Retinoblastoma Treated at the National Eye Centre in Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Retinoblastoma is a malignant ocular tumor in children. Patient characteristics differ between low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries. This study analyzes the clinical presentation and survival rates of patients with retinoblastoma at the National Eye Center (NEC) in Indonesia, a middle-income country. METHODS: Clinical data of all children diagnosed with retinoblastoma at NEC between 2012 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In 10 years, 395 patients with retinoblastoma were diagnosed and treated at NEC. The number of diagnoses increased from 2012 to 2019, but declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most patients were diagnosed under 5 years of age. The most common sign was leukocoria (77.5%), followed by proptosis (14.0%). Proptosis was even more common in children from remote areas of Indonesia (20.0%). At NEC, 73.4% had unilateral and 26.6% bilateral retinoblastoma. Patients with bilateral retinoblastoma were statistically noticeably younger at diagnosis than unilateral retinoblastoma (unilateral: 27 months; bilateral 21 months; p