Цифровий авторитаризм та стекактивізм

The development of digital media and the diversity of approaches to digital space analysis testify to the fact that the modern world is digitalized. Nearly all spheres of everyday life are reproduced through algorithms intended to simplify critical decision-making. Delegating the right to inform and provide decision-making scenarios to digital intelligence has created an illusion of freedom and objectivity. This study analyzes digital space as communication links according to M. Foucault, where algorithmic platforms are understood as heterotopias. Since each algorithmic platform possesses its own internal structure, rules, and logic of interaction, it can conflict with the digital space or complement it with its diversity. At the same time, the computational structures of each algorithm are created and function around the user as a media resource. Collecting information about users at the "input" of each algorithmic medium provides a model of behavior and values for the user at the "output". As FB, TikTok, Instagram, X, Zoom, Threads, YouTube, and other algorithmic media function according to their own algorithms, they not only form boundaries for communication but also create illusions. According to G. Bachelard, this constitutes "another space" that should be generated by the subject's imagination. However, this function of dream generation has been hijacked today by algorithmic media, forming digital authoritarianism. Shoshana Zuboff interprets this as "surveillance capitalism". The dream proposals within each algorithmic medium are subject to the rules of their specific heterotopia. This constructs a digital version of the user and splits them into a multiplicity of algorithmic identities. The article explores B. Bratton's concept of The Stack as a vertical six-layer model that transforms the user into an object of monetization and influence. Additionally, the phenomenon of "stacktivism" by G. Lovink is examined as a strategy for interactive resistance and hacktivism.