Чорний піар та поляризація суспільства: причинно-наслідкові зв'язки

This article examines the causal relationships between negative PR tactics and public polarization in contemporary democracies. Drawing on empirical research from 2020–2025, the study analyzes how negative campaigns, disinformation, and manipulative communication strategies contribute to affective polarization and the erosion of democratic institutions. The study synthesizes findings from the literature on political communication, social psychology, and information systems to demonstrate that negative PR operates through multiple interconnected mechanisms, including the amplification of echo chambers, the amplification of cognitive distortions, the systematic degradation of intergroup trust, and the destabilization of public discourse. Quantitative research results show that negative campaign messages increase affective polarization by 0.2 points on standardized scales, with effects particularly pronounced among individuals who hold populist views and have low levels of media literacy. The article identifies social media filter bubbles, algorithmic content curation, and coordinated transnational disinformation campaigns as key mediating factors mediating the impact of negative PR on social polarization. Cross-national data analysis demonstrates that the intensity of polarization correlates with the frequency of negative campaigns and the prevalence of disinformation in the media space. The results of the study suggest that negative PR tactics create self-reinforcing feedback loops, where initial polarization generates electoral demand for aggressive and destructive messages, which further exacerbates social divisions, undermines political legitimacy, and reduces the effectiveness of democratic governance. The study concludes that addressing this systemic phenomenon requires a comprehensive multi-stakeholder intervention, including the development and implementation of media literacy programs, strengthened accountability measures for digital platforms, legislative regulation of political advertising, and fundamental electoral reform.