Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist therapy with postsurgical outcomes following multilevel correction for adult spinal deformity: a propensity score-matched analysis

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine outcomes in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) undergoing deformity correction with and without glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1A) therapy. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: GLP-1As, widely used in diabetes management, have recently been linked to reduced postoperative complications. However, their role in spinal surgery remains underexplored. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Database (2005-2025) utilizing Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes for patients undergoing spinal deformity correction because of ASD. Patients prescribed GLP-1As within 1 year of surgery were 1:1 propensity-score matched with those who were not using GLP-1As. The cohort was matched according to patient demographics and comorbidities. Surgical outcomes between groups were analyzed at 1- and 2-year intervals. Significance was defined as p