Methods for Virus Inactivation in the Production Technology of Whole Virion Vaccines

Relevance . The study of virus inactivation mechanisms remains a priority in the development of inactivated whole-virion vaccines. Criteria for selecting a suitable inactivator include complete elimination of viral infectivity and preservation of a high level of immunogenicity in the final product. Aim . This work examines the action mechanisms of both classical inactivators (formalin, betapropiolactone) and UV irradiation. Besides, the article describes the latest promising inactivation approaches by hydrogen peroxide, gamma irradiation and psoralen. Conclusion . The inactivator optimal choice depends on many factors: the nature of the virus, the required level of safety, manufacturing technology, and the final vaccine properties. The formalin and beta-propiolactone continue to dominate in the licensed vaccines production. Experimental vaccine preparations inactivated with hydrogen peroxide or by physical methods have shown a high level of immunogenic activity in various laboratory animal models. Despite the positive results, a new inactivating agent introduction requires significant effort and long-term testing to confirm its effectiveness and safety.