Ethnobotanical Insights: Phytochemical Richness, Nutritional Potential, and Bioactivity Evaluation of Bambusa arundinacea and Bambusa nutans

Bamboo species are widely utilized in traditional medicine, yet their pharmacological and nutritional potential remains insufficiently explored. This study specifically investigates the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical composition, nutritional profile, and bioactivities of Bambusa arundinacea and Bambusa nutans from Odisha, India. Ethnobotanical surveys using structured interviews confirmed their application in treating gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, and infectious diseases. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, with B. arundinacea exhibiting comparatively higher phenolic and flavonoid contents. Nutritional analysis demonstrated appreciable levels of protein, crude fiber, carbohydrates, and essential minerals, highlighting their nutraceutical value. Bioactivity assays showed strong antioxidant activity (DPPH), significant antibacterial effects against Salmonella typhi, and pronounced anthelmintic activity, with B. arundinacea producing shorter paralysis and death times than B. nutans.