Burden of chronic kidney disease caused by dietary risks in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis and comparison with global levels

Diet is a modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, in China, the trend of changes in CKD burden caused by dietary risk has not been fully elucidated. The CKD burden in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 was analyzed, with the time-dependent trend in CKD burden detected through Joinpoint regression analysis. We also analyzed the trend of CKD burden with age and the contribution of specific dietary risk behaviors to the burden of CKD. From 1990 to 2021, the ASR of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by dietary risk factors showed a downward trend in China, decreasing by 31.82% and 33.38%, respectively, while exhibiting an upward trend at the global level, increasing by 18.44% and 11.18%, respectively. The analysis of specific dietary risk behaviors demonstrated that highly sweetened beverages had the largest contribution to the increase in age standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age standardized DALY rate (ASDR) for CKD at both the Chinese and global levels. Our study revealed that the burden of CKD caused by dietary risk factors is decreasing in China, while it is increasing globally. This result provides a scientific reference for developing targeted dietary and public health strategies.