La multitud y su límite: ontología del común y economía de la deuda

This article offers a critical analysis of the concept of the multitude in the work of Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt in order to examine the contemporary limits of producing the common within cognitive–financial capitalism. By reconstructing the ontology of the multitude—grounded in a Spinozist reading of potentia, conatus, and singularity—the article argues that the multitude constitutes a political figure of social cooperation and living labor that exceeds modern forms of sovereignty, representation, and “the people.” However, this political ontology is not unlimited. Under neoliberal conditions, social cooperation and the general intellect become simultaneously sources of productivity and privileged objects of capture. Drawing on Maurizio Lazzarato’s critique, the article proposes that the debt economy operates as the central dispositif of this capture by organizing subjectivity and temporality. Debt thus functions as an internal limit of the multitude, translating the power of the common into moral obligation and anticipatory obedience. Finally, the article advances a micropolitics of the common, in dialogue with Nietzsche, as a situated praxis aimed at subtracting subjectivity from financial capture without reverting to sovereign solutions.