De la Razón Comunicativa al Flujo Vital: Crítica al Formalismo de Habermas y la Emergencia de una Hidro-ética Biocultural en Yajalón, Chiapas

Moral philosophy in the 21st century faces an unprecedented challenge: how to respond ethically to socio-environmental crises that combine ecological degradation, distributive injustice, and systemic vulnerability. Formal ethics, which have dominated the philosophical landscape from Kant to Habermas, are increasingly proving insufficient for this task. Their insistence on universality, procedurality, and normative abstraction distances them from the concrete materiality of ecological conflicts. This article develops a systematic argument to demonstrate the need to move from formal ethics to hydroethics—understood as a material ethics centered on the relationships between water, society, and the ecosystem. Through a three-part analysis—a critique of the structural limitations of formal ethics, a positive foundation for hydroethics, and a demonstration of its applied superiority—it is established that only a framework incorporating materiality, contextualization, and ecological responsibility can adequately respond to challenges such as ecocide and water injustice.