Influence of Natural and Climatic Factors on Typology of Turkic Houses

This research is determined by growing interest in the cultural and architectural heritage of the Turkic peoples, whose traditional housing results from centuries of adaptation to diverse natural and climatic conditions. Purpose: The aim of the work is to analyze the evolution of the architectural forms of the Turkic peoples, reflecting the synthesis of nomadic and sedentary traditions. Methodology/approach: A comparative analysis of spatial planning and visual-spatial solutions, geographical and climatic analysis, and analysis of cultural traditions reflected in ornamentation, zoning, and building materials. Spatial planning and visualization of traditional and modern housing of Turkic peoples depend on natural and climatic conditions and cultural traditions. The analysis is given to the main types of traditional houses, such as yurts, log and adobe houses, are analyzed, and their structure, function, and decoration reflect social values and adaptation to the landscape. Research findings: Spatial planning solutions closely relate to the climate: mobile yurts prevail in steppes, log and stone houses in the mountains, and log and adobe dwellings in the forest steppe. Modern houses in Turkic regions preserve elements of traditional architecture such as zoning, ornamentation, eastward orientation, and the use of natural materials. Research implications: The identified principles can be used to design modern residential houses with ethnocultural identity. Value: It is shown that the architectural continuity of the Turkic peoples is manifested in the preservation of sacred geometry, ornamentation, principles of internal zoning, and climatic adaptation.