Epizootological monitoring and analysis of the nosological structure of socially significant animal diseases in of the Russian Federation in the period from 2019–2023 years, trends in improving measures for their prevention

Infectious diseases occupy the most important place among all animal diseases, and are characterized by the presence of an epizootic process – a continuous chain of infections following each other (sequential transmission of the pathogen from an infected animal to a healthy one, using various factors) [1, 2]. An analysis of the epizootic situation for socially significant animal diseases in the period from 2019 to 2023 showed that the number of small cattle infected with brucellosis has decreased in the Russian Federation. At the same time, the incidence of tuberculosis and brucellosis in cattle has increased. Despite the downward trend in rabies incidence, high epizootic rates persist among domestic carnivores and wild animals. In 2023 year, there was a decrease in the incidence of leptospirosis in farm animals compared to 2019 year. Only a detailed study of the epizootic situation, the constant vigilance of the veterinary service, the correct and timely application of scientifically developed methods and means of general and specific prevention, the active participation of local authorities and business leaders make it possible to control, contain the spread of these diseases and take concrete measures to eliminate them [3].