The Implementation of the Project Based Learning Approach in Developing ICT Learning Modules to Enhance SMK Students’ Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills

The learning module functions as a guide for teachers and students in achieving learning competencies that encompass knowledge, skills, and attitudes. In line with 21st-century learning demands emphasizing the 4C skills (Critical Thinking, Communication, Creative Thinking, and Collaboration), it is essential to develop teaching modules aligned with the characteristics of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) approach. This study aims to develop a PjBL-based learning module for the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) subject to enhance vocational high school (SMK) students’ critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method, with data collected through questionnaires, observations, and documentation involving expert validators and tenth-grade students at SMK Negeri 1 Tulungagung. The stages in this research start from collecting information through literature data, planning evaluation, developing draft modules, field testing to collect feedback, revising modules, improving modules for design and material improvements, then final module improvements for language and material improvements, and finally dissemination for module publication. The validation results indicated that the module achieved average scores of 94.22% from material experts and 94.10% from media experts, both categorized as excellent. The small-group and field trials obtained average percentages of 89.33% and 90.92%, respectively, also within the excellent category. Therefore, the PjBL-based ICT learning module is deemed feasible, engaging, and effective in enhancing vocational students’ critical thinking and problem-solving skills.