Influence of different sowing techniques and nutrient levels on nutrient uptake and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) productivity is often constrained by inefficient nutrient management and improper sowing practices, particularly under low-input production systems. Imbalanced macro- and micronutrient supply combined with uneven plant establishment reduces nutrient-use efficiency and yield potential. Therefore, integrating precise sowing techniques with balanced fertilisation strategies is essential for improving productivity, seed quality, and nutrient-use efficiency in sesame. Therefore, this study evaluated the influence of three sowing methods (broadcasting, dibbling, transplanting) and three nutrient levels (100%, 75% and 50% RDF), along with a 0.2% MnSO₄ foliar spray, on nutrient uptake, growth, and yield performance of sesame. A field experiment was conducted using ten treatment combinations in a randomised block design during the summer and kharif seasons of 2025. Results demonstrated the advantage of dibbling over broadcasting and transplanting, particularly when combined with 100% RDF and 0.2% MnSO₄ foliar application (T₄). This treatment recorded the highest nitrogen (27.69 kg/ha), phosphorus (9.37 kg/ha), and potassium (17.62 kg/ha) uptake at harvest, along with superior capsule number (76.86/plant), seed number (72.17/capsule), and test weight (3.07 g). Consequently, T₄ achieved the maximum seed yield (1096 kg/ha) and harvest index (0.31). Enhanced nutrient uptake under dibbling was primarily attributed to improved root-soil contact, uniform plant spacing, and the catalytic role of Mn in boosting photosynthetic and metabolic processes. These results highlight the importance of combining optimal fertiliser doses with precise sowing techniques to improve nutrient-use efficiency and productivity of sesame. This integrated approach offers a robust strategy for improving sesame yields in nutrient-deficient and smallholder farming systems.