Rosmarinic Acid Mitigates Oxidative–Inflammatory Injury in Rat Testicular Torsion–Detorsion Model

Objective: We aimed to determine whether pre-detorsion rosmarinic acid (RA) mitigates oxidative and inflammatory damage in a rat torsion–detorsion (T/D)-induced I/R injury model.Methods: Thirty-two male rats were randomised (n=8/group) to sham, T/D, T/D + RA 40 mg/kg, or T/D + RA 80 mg/kg. T/D consisted of 2 h torsion followed by 2 h reperfusion. RA (i.p.) was administered 30 min before detorsion. Testis tissue was analysed for oxidative stress markers (MDA, MPO, OSI, TOS), antioxidant parameters (SOD, TAS), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β).Results: Compared with sham, T/D caused high MDA, MPO, TNF-α, TOS/OSI, IL-1β, and low SOD, TAS. RA significantly reversed these changes versus T/D, lowering oxidative and inflammatory markers and enhancing antioxidant defences. The high dose RA was equal or superior to low dose—with clearer gains for SOD, TAS, MPO, and cytokines—whereas TOS/OSI improvements were similar at both doses.Conclusions: RA attenuates oxidative and inflammatory injury in testicular T/D as a peri-detorsion adjunct.