Research on the Impact of Plain, Twill, and Satin Weave Structures on Indoor Acoustic Performance and the Application in Soft Decoration Design

The acoustic absorption properties of woven fabrics are fundamentally determined by their construction parameters. While the influence of fiber type and fabric density is acknowledged, the specific role of fundamental weave structures—namely, plain, twill, and satin—requires systematic investigation. This study isolates and quantifies the effect of weave type on the sound absorption performance of textiles. Three distinct cotton fabrics were systematically engineered to have identical yarn specifications (20s Ne) and thread density (60 × 60 tpi), while varying only the weave structure among plain (1/1), twill (2/1), and satin (5-end). The acoustic performance, measured as the normal incidence Sound Absorption Coefficient (α) according to ISO 10534-2, showed a direct dependence on the weave. The plain weave, characterized by the highest frequency of yarn interlacements, created a highly tortuous internal porous structure. Under a multi-layer stacked configuration directly against a rigid backing, the plain weave exhibited cumulative flow resistance, yielding a peak α of 0.85 at 4,000 Hz. This demonstrates the material’s maximum acoustic dissipation potential when structural tortuosity is amplified through stacking. Conversely, the long yarn floats inherent in the satin weave resulted in a less tortuous structure and, consequently, the lowest sound absorption. This research quantitatively demonstrates that weave structure is a critical design parameter for developing functional acoustic textiles, enabling the engineering of fabrics for specific acoustic applications in soft furnishings.