Development of madurese ethnomathematics-based digital teaching materials to enhance students' critical thinking skills and character

This study aims to develop Madurese ethnomathematics-based teaching materials for the topic of flat geometry. The research adopts a research and development approach until appropriate teaching material is identified. This research consists of 10 steps/stages: 1) research and collection prelimenary; 2) research planning; 3) early product development; 4) expert validation; 5) product revision; 6) early test; 7) product revision; 8) field test; 9) final product revision; and 10) elimination. The subjects involved in this study included 153 fifth-grade elementary school students, 7 teachers, 2 mathematics learning experts, and 2 mathematics educational media experts. Data analysis techniques during the needs analysis phase were conducted through surveys and interviews. The development stage included pretest and posttest scores on students' critical thinking skills in solving problems related to the area of plane figures, as well as character development through questionnaires. The pretest and posttest data from the limited trials and expanded trials were analyzed quantitatively via a nonindependent t test through paired sample t tests with SPSS. Preliminary studies have shown that both teachers and students need teaching materials developed by integrating the cultural values and educational characteristics of Madurese. The development of the teaching materials is based on aspects of content, language, the integration of Madurese ethnomathematics, critical thinking indicators, and character development. Moreover, the development of the web and learning media is guided by aspects such as images, colors, layout, text, and visualization. The students' critical thinking ability after learning with the Madurese Ethnomathematics-based teaching materials was better than that before using the materials. Therefore, the developed teaching materials are suitable for use by both teachers and students to enhance students' critical thinking skills and character development in elementary schools.