Connecting the second principle of Pancasila with anti-catcalling attitudes through social cognitive theory

Catcalling, a form of harassment that often occurs worldwide, has detrimental psychological and social effects on victims. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge about the second principle of Pancasila and anticalling attitudes among junior high school students in Jaten, Indonesia. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach. The quantitative approach was chosen on the basis of the study’s objective. The study sampled 200 students from a total population of 1,463 students. The sample was selected via the cluster random sampling technique. The data collection instruments included a multiple-choice objective test and a questionnaire. All the instruments were tested for validity and reliability. Before the hypotheses were tested, normality and linearity tests were conducted. The hypothesis was then tested via the Spearman rank test, which revealed a strong positive correlation between the two variables (r = 0.676, p < 0.01). This result indicates that students with a better understanding of the second principle of Pancasila were more likely to reject catcalling. According to social cognitive theory, students observe models, such as teachers and those around them. The results of the students' observations are processed cognitively and then stored in memory. The attitudes and behaviors exhibited by students are based on the understanding they build about the principles of Pancasila and catcalling in their memory. The cycle of attention, retention, and reproduction is driven by the motivation of students. This study shows how local philosophical values (Pancasila) can function as a cognitive model related to a person's positive attitude in civic life. The implications of these findings are the importance of reinforcing education about Pancasila in Indonesia to help reduce the phenomenon of catcalling. Pancasila education developers can use role-playing methods to foster an anticatcalling attitude among students.