Safety Risk Management and Control Mechanism for Fully Automatic Operation Lines of Urban Rail Transit

With the rapid development of urban rail transit, Fully Automatic Operation (FAO) systems have become increasingly widespread, accounting for 12.21% of the total urban rail transit mileage in Mainland China by 2024. Although FAO systems enhance operational safety and efficiency through automated operations, their enclosed and complex track environments still contain weak links and potential hazards. This study first provides a comprehensive safety risk analysis of FAO systems. Based on the “human-machine-method-environment” analysis framework, key risk points are identified, including unauthorized personnel intrusion and entrapment between train doors and platform gates. To address these risks, a “dual prevention mechanism” is proposed, integrating safety risk priority control measures and classification control measures. This paper aims to enhance the safety operation level of urban rail FAO lines, providing theoretical and practical references for safety management.