Numerical Study on the Effect of Vertically Tilted Brick-Type Explosive Charges on the Blast-Induced Behavior of One-Way Slabs

Explosions, regardless of their origin, have a significant impact on building structures, with the severity and spread of blast pressures being influenced by several factors. Among these, the orientation of the explosive, in addition to its mass, geometry, and direct or indirect interaction with the target, plays a critical role in determining the extent of the damage. Existing literature has primarily focused on blast tests involving explosives placed horizontally, leaving the effects of vertical alignment, particularly with brick-shaped charges, largely unexplored. The increasing frequency of hostile attacks, advanced warfare techniques, and explosive incidents accentuate the need for a comprehensive analysis that accounts for varying explosive orientations to better predict structural responses and enhance resilience. The present study aims to numerically investigate the impact of vertical tilting (from 0° to 75°) of Trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosives on the blast behavior of one-way slabs. To ensure accuracy of employed Abaqus software, the study’s findings are validated through comparison with experimental data found in existing literature. The findings revealed that when the TNT charge was laid flat, the resulting pressure wave moved outward in a mainly tangential or slanted manner, causing a broader yet shallower impact across the slab surface. However, as the orientation of the explosive shifted upward from horizontal to nearly vertical (0° to 75°, at 15° intervals), the pressure front began striking the surface more directly. This led to significantly amplified reflected pressure, overshadowing the initial compression effects. These findings have significant implications for improving safety protocols and structural design strategies in regions vulnerable to explosive threats.