Mechatronic Modeling of Single-Axis Actuation in Voice-Coil Deformable Mirrors

We present a physics-based framework for a voice-coil, self-sensing deformable mirror in embedded Adaptive Optics. A five-DoF Lagrangian model couples mirror/support mechanics, actuator electrodynamics, and capacitive sensing, yielding a state-space form system model. A two-layer architecture is employed: an inner active-stiffness loop sets the desired resonance and Phase Margin, while an outer wavefront loop provides quasi-static correction. Frequency-domain results indicate reduced actuator stroke and expanded tracking bandwidth with active stiffness. This paper also discusses the telescope diameter and wavelength mapping to actuator count, stroke, and bandwidth, providing end-to-end sizing rules.