Thermal Analysis of PCM-Incorporated Multi-Glazed Window Units Using a Lab-Scale Apparatus

During hot summers and cold winters, the demand for cooling and heating in buildings increases significantly, leading to higher energy consumption and adverse environmental impacts. One promising solution to minimize energy use is the integration of phase change materials (PCMs). PCMs efficiently store and release thermal energy during phase transitions, making them ideal for applications in multi-glazed window units. In summer, PCMs in multi-glazed windows absorb excess heat from solar radiation, reducing heat transfer indoors and maintaining comfortable indoor temperatures while lowering the energy consumption. During winter, PCMs release stored heat into the room as they solidify, contributing to heating needs. To enhance PCM performance, materials such as silica aerogel can be incorporated into triple-glazed windows. Silica aerogel aids the PCM in completing its phase change under conditions where solidification is incomplete, such as extremely cold weather, thereby ensuring optimal thermal performance. While PCMs present challenges, such as cost and material optimization, their advantages in reducing energy consumption and mitigating environmental impacts outweigh these drawbacks. By utilizing PCMs in multi-glazed windows, buildings can achieve greater energy efficiency and sustainability.