Analysis of the chemical composition and main sources of wastewater formation that occur in the process of chemical water preparation at heat power plants

The article, based on the analysis of literary and other sources, as well as laboratory studies of the chemical composition of water, provides an analysis of the chemical composition and main sources of wastewater formation obtained in the process of chemical water treatment at some heat and power enterprises. Wastewater from heat and power industries, in particular from chemical water treatment plants, contains a significant amount of salts, suspended solids and other mineral and sometimes organic impurities. Such water is usually discharged into the sewerage network and water bodies almost without treatment. The main volume of chemically contaminated wastewater formed in the process of chemical water treatment is wastewater from ion-exchange softening and desalination plants. Environmental protection from wastewater pollution and rational use of water resources are one of the most important tasks. To solve this problem, closed water supply systems of industrial enterprises are gaining more and more attention, which completely exclude the discharge of wastewater into water bodies (non-drainage systems). The creation of closed, and especially drainless, environmentally friendly return water supply systems for heat and power enterprises is a very urgent task for both Ukraine and other countries experiencing a shortage of fresh water. The article provides up-to-date initial data on the sources of formation and quality of wastewater from energy and power-generating facilities for future development and implementation of methods and technological solutions during the reconstruction or design of such enterprises. The development of new methods for the regeneration of solutions will reduce the financial costs of regenerating ion-exchange filters, significantly increase the volume of water in a closed cycle and approach the creation of a drainless enterprise. In this way, it is possible to improve the ecological situation in the area of the enterprise that uses a closed drainless recycling scheme.