Protective Effect of Vanillin on Diabetic Encephalopathy by Regulating NLRP3 Signaling

Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a major complication of diabetes and there is a need of development of new therapy for the management of it. Present investigation evaluates the effect of vanillin against diabetic encephalopathy in rat model. Diabetic encephalopathy was induced by the admiration of 30 % fructose for 4 week and later streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg, i.p.) was given to induce DE after 6 weeks of its administration. All the rats were treated with vanillin 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o. for the duration of 6 week. Behavioural changes like cognitive and motor function were determined in vanillin treated DE rats. Parameters of oxidative stress and cytokines were estimated in the brain tissue of vanillin treated DE rats. Relative mRNA expression of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich–containing family, pyrin domain–containing-3 (NLRP3), Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and histopathological changes of brain tissue was performed using H&E staining. Cognitive and motor functions were reversed in vanillin treated DE rats. Treatment with vanillin attenuates the altered parameters of oxidative stress and cytokines in the brain tissue of DE rats. There was significant reduction in the mRNA expression of NLRP3 and increase in mRNA expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in vanillin treated group than DE group of rats. In conclusion, data of the study shows neuroprotective of vanillin against DE in rat by regulating NLRP3 signalling.