Science in Light of the Analogy of Being

Scientific progress advances not only through the exploration of new domains but also by engaging with increasingly complex forms of reality. _Complexity_ refers to situations in which a whole or system consists of many interacting parts whose combined activity generates emergent properties. Classical philosophy addresses this subtle relationship between whole and parts through the concept of the analogy of being (_analogia entis_), which affirms the ontological priority of the whole while still allowing meaningful forms of reductionist analysis. To illuminate this philosophical perspective, we compare it with experimental findings involving de Broglie-type matter waves, which exhibit holistic behavior and thus suggest that nature itself often operates with priority given to the whole. Finally, a hierarchical table—from elementary particles to biological organisms and human beings—illustrates how the analogy of being provides a useful conceptual framework for understanding the increasing levels of complexity encountered in the natural world.