Digitalization and Sustainable Development: The Impact of Energy-Efficient Agricultural Machinery on Agro-Industries in Russia and Kazakhstan

This study analyzes how digitalization and energy-efficient agricultural machinery influence sustainable development, focusing on resource management and ecological integrity in Russia and Kazakhstan's agro-industrial sectors. Using data from 2000 to 2020, the research employs advanced econometric methods, including the CS-ARDL model, Pesaran CSD tests, and Westerlund Cointegration analysis, to address regional interdependencies and non-normal data distributions common in resource-rich economies. Results show that Technology and Innovation in Eco-Policies (TAIEP) and Green Agricultural Innovations (GAEI) significantly drive the Eco-Sustainable Development Index (ESDI). While Economic Green Development (EGD) is progressing, the shift to renewable energy (CREI) faces challenges from high capital costs and reliance on traditional fuels. The findings highlight the importance of digitalization for achieving sustainable development goals in Eurasia. This research introduces the “Sustainalism” model, integrating energy digitalization and agricultural machinery in mineral-supply-driven economies, and provides a strategic roadmap for decoupling industrial growth from environmental degradation.