THE ROLE OF FORENSICS AND CRIMINAL SCIENCE IN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION

The article examines the pivotal role of forensic science and criminology in safeguarding critical infrastructure, which encompasses essential sectors such as energy, water supply, telecommunications, transportation, healthcare, and finance. These infrastructures are increasingly vulnerable to hybrid threats – ranging from cyberattacks and insider sabotage to physical destruction – due to their reliance on digital technologies and interconnected systems. The author emphasizes that digital, technical, and physical forensics are indispensable for incident analysis, evidence collection, and system integrity, while criminology contributes through behavioral analysis, intelligence gathering, and criminal investigations. The synergy between these disciplines enables effective threat mitigation, policy enhancement, and personnel training. In the context of global insecurity and evolving risks, the integration of forensic and criminological approaches is presented as a cornerstone of national resilience and security strategy.