Research Progress of mTOR Signaling Pathway in Metabolic Diseases

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved central regulator within cells. It integrates signals from various inputs, including nutrients, energy status, and growth factors, to precisely regulate fundamental cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, autophagy, and metabolism through multiple signaling pathways. In recent years, numerous studies have confirmed that the abnormal activation of the mTOR signaling pathway is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of various metabolic diseases. This article aims to summarize the research progress on the mTOR signaling pathway in metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, and osteoporosis, explore its molecular mechanisms, and provide an outlook on therapeutic strategies targeting mTOR.