Component Analysis and Precise Prevention and Treatment of Urinary Stones

Urinary stones are a common disease worldwide, and their incidence has continued to rise in recent years. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics, formation mechanism, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic treatment methods of kidney stones and ureteral stones, with a special focus on the latest advances in stone component analysis technology and its application value in precision prevention and treatment. Studies have shown that there are significant differences in the formation mechanism, physical properties and metabolic basis of stones of different components, and the accurate analysis of stone components through infrared spectroscopy and other technologies can provide patients with personalized prevention and treatment plans, reducing the recurrence rate from 50%-90% to 10%-15%. This paper also discusses the genetic association between urinary stones and systemic diseases such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, as well as the application prospects of multi-omics technology in stone research. Finally, this paper looks forward to the future challenges and development directions in the field of stone prevention and control, including the development of novel drug targets, the establishment of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic systems, and the construction of multi-center collaboration networks.