Two-way Regulation of Intestinal Microorganisms on Hyperuricemia and Gout

In recent years, the two-way regulation of intestinal microorganisms in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and gout has attracted increasing attention. Studies have shown that specific probiotics can participate in the regulation of uric acid metabolism in many ways, including promoting intestinal uric acid excretion, inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity, enhancing intestinal barrier function and regulating immune infl ammatory response, thus effectively reducing blood uric acid level and alleviating the onset of gouty arthritis. On the contrary, colonization or flora imbalance of conditional pathogenic bacteria can induce chronic inflammation, destroy intestinal mucosal barrier, inhibit uric acid excretion, and further aggravate metabolic disorder. Metagenomics further revealed that some intestinal flora can degrade purine metabolites and regulate purine homeostasis. To sum up, intestinal microorganisms affect uric acid homeostasis through metabolism and immunity, forming an interactive network of "flora-metabolism-inflammation". In the future, we should develop individualized intervention strategies based on probiotics, prebiotics and synthetic biology techniques, and provide a new path for the accurate prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.