Technology-Enhanced English Language Teaching: Methodological Shifts, Pedagogical Challenges, and Evidence-Based Insights

The integration of technology in English Language Teaching (ELT) has triggered transformative changes in instructional methodologies. This paper explores the methodological shifts driven by artificial intelligence (AI) and digital tools; identifies key pedagogical challenges; and synthesizes evidence-based insights. Drawing on empirical data, it argues that while technology enables personalized, data-driven learning, its effective adoption requires addressing issues of teacher preparedness, technological limitations, and ethical concerns. The paper concludes with recommendations for fostering a balanced, human-centered approach to technology-enhanced ELT.