PHYTOPATOGENIC DISEASE COMPLEX OF OPEN GROUND TOMATO IN THE LEFT-BANK FOREST-STEP OF UKRAINE

The aim – to establish the phytopathogenic complex of tomato diseases in open soil conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods – general scientific, field, statistical. Results. Having analyzed the species composition of tomato disease pathogens in open soil conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, it was found that plants are affected by fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens. The dominant role in the phytopathogenic complex of tomato belongs to diseases of fungal etiology – 63,0 %; pathogens of bacterial and viral etiology occupy 34,0 % and 3,0 %, respectively. Fungal pathogens caused early blight (Alternaria solani Ell et Mart.), fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl.), anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallz.) Hugres); bacterial diseases were represented by pathogens of soft bacterial rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora), bacterial spot (Xantomonas vesicatoria Doidge), tomato stolbur (“Candidatus Phytoplasma”); viral - cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). According to the results of the study of the pathogenesis of tomato diseases, the following symptoms of the diseases were established: leaf spotting, wilting, fruit rot, disruption of plant reproductive functions, color change, growth inhibition. The most harmful tomato diseases in the fruit formation phase (BBCH 77) were early blight, the severity of of which reached 32,3 %; in the maturity of fruit phase (BBCH 89) – soft bacterial rot, the severity of disease was 11,1 %. Conclusions. The features of the formation of the phytopathogenic complex of tomato in open ground conditions were determined, which allowed us to determine the most harmful crop diseases in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The results obtained can be used for further research on the development of tomato plant protection systems to limit their development.