Measurement Approaches for Evaluating the Technological and Organizational Factors of Artificial Intelligence Implementation in Businesses

The empirical literature has identified dozens of specific factors, such as organizational and technical readiness and many others, which positively influence the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in innovative businesses. The aim of this article was to compile a theoretical review of measurement instruments for these factors and to discuss their qualities, strengths, and weaknesses. Using a systematic literature review approach, we identified dozens of articles describing the factors in question, within which we analyzed specific measurement instruments and compiled a systematic overview of them. We found that the methods of measurement, the instruments, and the indicators used to describe and assess the status and level of these factors differ in nature and design and vary in their explanatory value and measurement validity. Self-report questionnaires and subjective expert assessments are combined with objective financial indicators. A systematic and comprehensive overview of measurement tools will provide managers with a practical aid in the process of implementing AI, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful AI implementation. At the same time, it will enable researchers to improve the existing framework and help create better, more informative measurement instruments.