INNOVATION POLICY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AN ENTERPRISE: MACROECONOMIC AND MICROECONOMIC ASPECTS

The article investigates innovation policy as a system-forming element of the financial and economic security of an enterprise under conditions of transformational changes, increasing uncertainty, market turbulence, and the intensification of internal and external threats. It is substantiated that innovative development is not only a tool for enhancing competitiveness but also a key factor in ensuring sustainability, adaptability, and the long-term functioning of business entities. The macro- and microeconomic aspects of the impact of innovative activity on the level of economic security of enterprises are analyzed, particularly in the context of crisis phenomena, military risks, resource constraints, and structural imbalances. The paper proposes a structural approach to interpreting the financial and economic security of an enterprise, which includes internal and external production components. Their functional roles and interconnections with innovative activity are revealed. It is proved that the integration of innovation policy into the security system contributes to the optimization of resource use, risk reduction, improvement of managerial decision-making, and the formation of sustainable competitive advantages. Special attention is paid to the role of the state, financial institutions, venture capital, and the market environment in shaping an innovation-friendly ecosystem. The author formulates a definition of the financial and economic security of innovative activity as a state of protection of resources, processes, and outcomes of innovation that ensures stability, efficiency, and continuity in the development, implementation, and commercialization of innovations. It is proved that innovation policy acts not only as a development tool but also as a mechanism for neutralizing threats, strengthening adaptive capacity, and ensuring the strategic sustainability of enterprises. The results of the study can be used in the development of enterprise innovation strategies, improvement of financial and economic security management systems, and substantiation of policy decisions aimed at strengthening resilience and sustainable growth under conditions of prolonged uncertainty.