Arbuscular fungi: key organisms for the symbiotic association in the genera Agave L. and Opuntia (L) Mill

Objective: Conduct a review of scientific literature with the aim of synthesizing current knowledge on the benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in Opuntia and Agave species to propose their use in the Complementary Agriculture (AgriCom) model, strengthening semi-desert production systems. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic review (2013-2025) was conducted in databases (using keywords in English and Spanish) of studies that mentioned the role of AMF in Opuntia spp. and Agave spp. Results: The review shows that symbiosis with AMF significantly improves biomass (increases of 35%-60% in Opuntia, 30-55% in Agave), nutrient uptake (especially phosphorus, by 40%-70%), and drought tolerance in both genera. AMF increase water absorption in plant tissues, reduce oxidative stress, and promote more extensive root systems. Native AMF strains often showed superior benefits compared to commercial strains. Limitations on study/implications: Most studies on Agavaceae were conducted under greenhouse conditions; therefore, further comparative field studies are required. Findings/conclusions: Scientific evidence confirms that symbiosis with AMF is a key strategy for improving the productivity and resilience of Opuntia and Agave in adverse conditions. The use of AMF in the AgriCom model can increase crop growth.