Mineral content of sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) from the state of Guerrero, Mexico

Objective: To determine the chemical composition of the seeds of five sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties cultivated in the state of Guerrero, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: Five sesame seed varieties were evaluated commercially known as Igualteco, Zirándaro, San Joaquín, Calentano (all with cream-colored seeds), and JR-20 (with black seeds) cultivated in Iguala, Guerrero. A completely randomized experimental design with three replications was implemented. Chemical analyses were conducted at the CENID-RASPA of INIFAP, located in Gómez Palacio, Durango. The parameters analyzed included protein content, macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn). Results: The San Joaquín and JR-20 varieties exhibited the highest levels of nitrogen and protein. Calentano, Igualteco, and San Joaquín stood out in phosphorus and potassium content. Calcium levels were generally consistent across most varieties, except for Calentano, which showed a divergent value. In terms of magnesium, JR-20 and Igualteco demonstrated superior concentrations. Regarding micronutrients, JR-20 seeds were richest in copper and zinc, whereas Zirándaro seeds had the highest levels of iron and manganese. The overall mineral abundance in the seeds followed the descending order: N > P > Ca > K > Mg > Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn. Limitations/Implications: A significant limitation is the scarce availability of scientific literature or empirical data concerning the chemical composition of sesame seeds. Findings/Conclusions: The mineral composition of these sesame varieties supports their inclusion in the regular diet of the Mexican population, given their considerable nutritional value and potential health benefits.