Analyzing the Barriers and Opportunities Within Ontario for the Implementation of Innovative Solutions Utilizing Non-Recyclable Plastics Within a PESTEL Framework

With Canada having a 9% recycling rate, plastic pollution is of great concern. Numerous studies support the cradle-to-cradle concept as an overarching innovative framework, enabling businesses to reintegrate non-recyclable plastic waste into their production processes. However, the implementation of innovative solutions for non-recyclable plastics in Ontario is limited. This thesis investigates the barriers and opportunities for innovative solutions targeting non-recyclable plastics in Ontario in support of a circular economy. A comparative analysis of the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) factors was performed for Ontario and British Columbia for comparison; where economic and environmental barriers were found. Knowledge gaps were identified for literature targeting only recycled plastics and dismissing non-recyclable plastics. Interviews were conducted targeting niche innovators and enablers of the circular economy based in Ontario, British Columbia, and Costa Rica. Recommendations included fostering collaborative industry spaces and prioritizing flexible plastics' recovery targets. These changes are suggested for innovative solutions to succeed within Ontario.