Terapi non-farmakologi dalam mengurangi nyeri pada pasien rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic literature review

Backgroud: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic joint disease in the elderly, characterized by persistent pain in the knees and joints, with moderate intensity that disrupts the patient's comfort. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies in reducing joint pain intensity in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: Journal article searches were conducted using the databases ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Ebsco, covering the years 2020–2025. Keywords used included “joint pain,” “non-pharmacological therapy,” and “nursing care for rheumatoid arthritis,” in both English and Indonesian. A total of 486 articles were identified, and after screening using the PRISMA flowchart, 11 articles were selected for final analysis. The quality of the articles was assessed using the JBI Quality Appraisal tool. Results: Analysis of the 11 selected articles revealed various non-pharmacological therapies, including massage, olive oil application, aromatherapy, warm compresses, and music therapy. The most effective therapies for pain relief were music therapy and massage compared to other interventions. Music therapy enhances the production of neurotransmitters. Administering therapy for 10–20 minutes twice a day for 3–7 days was shown to reduce pain scores by an average of 2.7 points. Massage therapy also showed effectiveness, with an average reduction of 2.5 points in pain intensity. Conclusion: The most effective non-pharmacological interventions for reducing joint pain in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis are music therapy and massage. Keywords: Joint Pain; Non-Pharmacological Therapy; Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pendahuluan: Rheumatoid arthritis merupakan penyakit sendi kronis pada lansia dengan nyeri persisten pada lutut dan persendian dengan intensitas nyeri sedang mengganggu kenyamanan penderita. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi non-farmakologi dalam mengurangi intensitas nyeri sendi pada lansia dengan rheumatoid arthritis. Metode: Pencarian artikel jurnal dilaksanakan di dalam basis data pencarian. Pro Quest, PubMed, Science Direct, Goggle Scholar dan Ebsco di tahun 2020 - 2025 dengan kata kunci “nyeri sendi, terapi non-farmakologi, terapi keperawatan rheumatoid arthritis”. Bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia, menemukan 486 artikel pencarian, setelah dilakukan seleksi studi (PRISMA) didapatkan 11 artikel analisa akhir. Metode tinjauan literatur menggunakan Quality Appraisal JBI. Hasil: Analisis terhadap 11 artikel yang dipilih menunjukkan beragam terapi non-farmakologis yang dapat dilakukan antara lain pijat, pemakaian minyak zaitun, terapi aroma, kompres hangat dan musik terapi. Terapi non-farmakologi paling efektif untuk mengatasi nyeri yaitu terapi musik dan pijat dibandingkan dengan terapi yang lain. Terapi musik mendorong peningkatan produksi neurotransmitter. pemberian terapi selama 10-20 menit dua kali sehari selama 3-7 hari dapat mengurangi skor nyeri. rata-rata pasien mencapai 2.7 poin. Temuan mengenai efektivitas terapi pijat terhadap nyeri. menurun 2.5 poin. Simpulan: Terapi non-farmakologis untuk mengurangi nyeri sendi yang paling efektif adalah terapi musik dan pijat. Kata Kunci: Nyeri Sendi; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Terapi Non-Farmakologi.