Prevalensi resus negatif sejak 2021: A systematic literature review

Background: Rhesus negativity (rhd−) is a hematological phenotype with important clinical implications, particularly in pregnancy and blood transfusion. Isoimmunization due to rhesus incompatibility can lead to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Purpose: To identify and analyze the global prevalence of rhesus negativity. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using the keywords "rhd-negative prevalence worldwide 2020–2025" and screened for peer-reviewed articles published in English since 2020. Data selection and extraction were performed by analyzing study quality using tools such as the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, and extracting key variables: location, sample size, detection method, and prevalence outcomes. Results: A systematic literature review (SLR) from 2020 to 2025 revealed an average rhesus-negative prevalence of 8% in populations from Nigeria, Ethiopia, Libya, India, Bangladesh, and Saudi Arabia, with blood type B (27%) being the most common. Genetic factors, ethnicity, migration, and marriage practices influence this variation, further amplified by sociodemographic factors such as health care access and urbanization. Clinical implications include the importance of Rh screening and anti-D prophylaxis to prevent isoimmunization and obstetric complications, particularly in developing countries. Conclusion: The average rhd- prevalence in the global population was found to be 8%, with blood type B (27%) being the most common. These findings emphasize the urgency of harmonizing research methodologies and strengthening evidence-based maternal and newborn health policies. Global collaboration is essential to improve understanding and response to rhd- risks, particularly in resource-limited countries. Keywords: ABO Blood Group; Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN); Prevalence of Rhesus negative; RhD-. Pendahuluan: Rhesus negatif (rhd−) adalah fenotipe hematologis yang memiliki implikasi klinis penting, khususnya dalam kehamilan dan transfusi darah. Isoimunisasi akibat ketidakcocokan rhesus dapat menyebabkan penyakit hemolitik janin dan bayi baru lahir atau hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis prevalensi rhesus negatif secara global. Metode: Penelitian systematic literature review dari database Google Scholar, Scopus, dan Pubmed menggunakan kata kunci “prevalence rhesus negatifity worldwide 2020–2025” dan menggunakan filter artikel peer-reviewed, bahasa Inggris, publikasi sejak 2020. Proses seleksi dan ektrasi data dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis kualitas studi dengan alat seperti Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), melakukan proses screening judul, abstrak, dan full text serta ekstraksi variabel utama yaitu lokasi, ukuran sampel, metode deteksi, dan hasil prevalensi. Hasil: Temuan sistematik literatur review (SLR) selama 202-2025, mengungkap prevalensi rhesus negatif rerata sebesar 8% pada populasi dari Nigeria, Ethiopia, Libya, India, Bangladesh, dan Arab Saudi, dengan distribusi golongan darah terbanyak pada tipe B (27%). Faktor genetik, etnis, migrasi, dan praktik pernikahan memengaruhi keragaman ini, serta diperkuat oleh faktor sosiodemografi seperti akses kesehatan dan urbanisasi. Implikasi klinis meliputi pentingnya skrining Rh dan profilaksis anti-D untuk mencegah isoimunisasi dan komplikasi obstetri, khususnya di negara berkembang. Simpulan: Rerata prevalensi rhd− pada populasi global ditemukan sebesar 8%, dengan distribusi terbanyak pada golongan darah B (27%). Temuan ini menekankan urgensi harmonisasi metodologi penelitian dan penguatan kebijakan kesehatan maternal-neonatal berbasis bukti. Kolaborasi global sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan respons terhadap risiko rhd−, terutama di negara dengan sumber daya terbatas. Kata Kunci: Golongan Darah ABO; Hemolytic Disease Of The Fetus And Newborn (HDFN); Prevalensi Resus Negatif; RhD-.