Specificity of spaceport construction at a lunar base

The 21st century started with changes in hopes and expectations for space exploration. Plans are being announced to move from researching and studying the solar system to colonizing it. The primary object of attention is the Earth’s natural satellite. A return to the Moon is expected in the near future, and various countries are already planning short-term crewed expeditions to the Moon. A gradual establishment of permanent human presence on the Moon is supposed, for which lunar bases will be created. One of the most essential tasks in exploring the Moon will be to ensure the reliable transportation of people and cargo between Earth and the Moon. The intensity of spacecraft fl ights will increase signifi cantly after the start of lunar base construction, remaining high in subsequent stages. Therefore, it can be expected that spaceports will become essential components of lunar bases. In addition to prepared sites, spaceports must have the necessary equipment and resources. The creation of a spaceport on the Moon has its own peculiarities, which are discussed in this article. The article examines the specifi city of spaceport construction on the Moon, considering the unusual nature of this task, and makes a brief analysis of modern approaches to accomplishing it. The article supposes the potential location of the spaceport, outlines the possible impact of lunar surface relief on spaceport construction, and identifi es factors of priority concern. The fi rst approximation provides the principal quantitative and qualitative indicators characterizing the spacecraft landing process. Recommendations are given regarding selecting the shape and size of landing pads for spacecraft. A possible structural diagram of a lunar spaceport has been developed, with a list of the primary components and equipment. The article also identifi es limitations that need to be taken into account and indicates various factors that will infl uence the design of the spaceport and, therefore, need to be considered. The work carried out may serve as a theoretical basis for the further development of the lunar base concept.