Co-infection of adenovirus and anaplasma in a puppy presenting with suspected juvenile cellulitis

In this case report, a four-month-old Golden Retriever puppy was presented to the veterinary clinic with notable periocular swelling and enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes. A comprehensive physical examination was performed, followed by a detailed ophthalmic assessment to evaluate ocular involvement. The examination revealed bilateral blepharitis, conjunctival hyperemia, and a prominent follicular reaction, indicating inflammation of the eyelids and conjunctival tissue. To determine the underlying cause, blood samples were collected for serological analysis. Results showed seropositivity for Canine Adenovirus Type 1 and infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an intracellular tick-borne bacterium. These findings raised suspicion of juvenile cellulitis, a rare, immune-mediated condition in young dogs, while also indicating a multifactorial etiology due to concurrent infections. Treatment included systemic antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and supportive care. A rapid clinical response was observed, with resolution of both ocular and systemic signs. A one-year follow-up was conducted for the patient, during which no recurrence was noted. This case underscores the importance of considering infectious agents alongside immune-mediated processes when diagnosing juvenile cellulitis-like syndromes. A thorough systemic evaluation is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning.