Comparison of Biofouling Bacterial Community on Wood and Cement Concrete Surface at Tanjung Mas Semarang Port Using eDNA Metabarcoding

Tanjung Emas Port Semarang is one of the places where massive biofouling occurs, especially on wood and concrete surfaces, due to colonization and attachment of microbial communities. The aim of this research is to determine the diversity of bacteria that cause biofouling on wood and cement concrete surfaces at Tanjung Mas Port, Semarang, using eDNA 16S rRNA metabarcoding. Biofilm samples from Tanjung Mas Port waters were used for DNA extraction and amplification of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region, followed by sequencing and construction of an eDNA Metabarcoding library. Sequence analysis was performed in QIIME 2, RStudio DA-DA2, and Phyloseq. The results showed that a greater variety of genera was found on cement concrete surfaces compared to wood. The cement concrete surface was dominated by genus Erythrobacter, while on the wood surface, it was dominated by Photobacterium. Metabolic pathway analysis shows that bacteria in cement, concrete, and wood carry out extensive aerobic and anaerobic respiration, fatty acid and amino acid biosyn-thesis, and energy generation for biofilm formation.